Aceh

Aceh (Nanggröe Aceh Darussalam)

Capital: Banda Aceh

Regencies:

· Aceh Besar

· Aceh Jaya

· Aceh Singkil

· Aceh Tamiang

· Bener Meriah

· Bireuen

· Central Aceh

· East Aceh

· Gayo Lues

· Nagan Raya

· North Aceh

· Pidie

· Pidie Jaya

· Simeulue

· South Aceh

· Southeast Aceh

· Southwest Aceh

· West Aceh

Cities:

· Banda Aceh

· Langsa

· Lhokseumawe

· Sabang

· Subulussalam

Regions of Sumatra Island

North Sumatra (Sumatera Utara)

Capital: Medan

Regencies:
• Asahan
• Batubara
• Dairi
• Deli Serdang
• Humbang Hasundutan
• Karo
• Labuhan Batu
• South Labuhan Batu
• North Labuhan Batu
• Langkat
• Mandailing Natal
• Nias
• West Nias
• South Nias
• North Nias
• Padang Lawas
• North Padang Lawas
• Pakpak Bharat
• Samosir
• Serdang Bedagai
• Simalungun
• South Tapanuli
• Central Tapanuli
• North Tapanuli
• Toba Samosir

Cities:
• Binjai
• Gunung Sitoli
• Medan
• Padang Sidempuan
• Pematangsiantar
• Sibolga
• Tanjung Balai
• Tebing Tinggi

Concept of Government in the Republic of Indonesia

First Level: Regencies & Cities

Second Level: District

Third Level: Kampung

Kampung or called by any other name is the legal community unit which has the authority to organize and manage the interests of the local community based on the local origin and customs acknowledged in the national administration system and is located within the Regency/City Area;

Kampung Consultative Body or called by any other name is a group of people forming one unit comprising various elements within the Kamung and elected and acknowledged by the local people to give suggestions and consideration to Kampung Govenment;

B. The Distribution of Powers

This section looks at the distribution of powers between the central

and local governments. First, I will describe the different levels of

governments the law recognises. I will, then, look at the distribution of

powers itself. Next, I will look at the impact of the lack of a

comprehensive mode of conflict resolution. Finally, I will look at other

shortcomings of the Regional Autonomy Law.

1. The different levels of government

The hierarchy of authorities or governments in Indonesia is very

complex. The good thing for those who are familiar with the present

hierarchy is that the new laws bring no fundamental change in the

hierarchy itself. The basic hierarchical structure remains the same, with

only one institution changing its name. For the benefit of those not

familiar with the Indonesian hierarchy, let me briefly introduce it.

At the top is the Central Government, which the law simply refers

to as the Government.32 Every other level of government is referred to as

a regional government (pemerintah daerah). There are many levels, but

the only important ones for our purposes are the Provinces (Propinsi or

Provinsi),33 headed by a governor; and one level below them,34 either the

regency (kabupaten),35 in rural areas, headed by the regent (bupati) or the

city (kota)36, in urban areas, headed by a mayor (walikota).37 In fact, as

we have seen, these are the only levels of regional government that are

constitutionalised by the recent amendment to the Constitution.38 Then, at

the very local level in rural areas are the villages (desa).39 For our

purposes, we need not describe the other levels of government between the

regency and the village.40

It should also be noted that the province, in addition to being an

autonomous region, is also an administrative territory for the Central

Government.41 This means that the governor is both the head of an

Airline Losses

2009 First Quarter Losses of Airlines

American Airlines
$375M


Delta Airlines
$794M



Air France-KLM
$687